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Cargo works on the vessels

Cargo operations vary depending on the type of vessel and the cargo being transported. Here’s a breakdown of the main types of cargo operations across different vessel types:

1. Bulk Carriers

Cargo: Dry bulk like coal, grain, iron ore, cement, and bauxite.

Operations:
  • Loading via conveyor belts, grabs, or chutes at bulk terminals.
  • Discharging using shore-based grab cranes, ship's cranes, or self-unloading systems.
  • Cargo trimming to balance the load and avoid shifting.
  • Hold cleaning between different cargo types to prevent contamination.
2. Tankers

Cargo: Liquid cargo such as crude oil, petroleum products, chemicals, or liquefied gases.

Operations:
  • Loading via shore pipelines or ship’s manifold.
  • Discharging using ship’s pumps or shore-based pumps.
  • Inert gas system operation to prevent explosions in cargo tanks.
  • Cargo heating for heavy crude or bitumen to maintain fluidity.
  • Tank cleaning before loading different cargoes.
3. Container Ships

Cargo: Standardized shipping containers (20ft, 40ft, etc.).

Operations:
  • Loading and unloading with gantry cranes at container terminals.
  • Stowage planning to balance weight and ensure efficient unloading.
  • Securing containers with twist locks, lashing bars, and turnbuckles.
  • Reefer container connection for temperature-sensitive cargo.
4. General Cargo Ships

Cargo: Mixed goods, including pallets, steel products, machinery, and breakbulk cargo.

Operations:
  • Loading using ship’s cranes, shore cranes, or forklifts.
  • Securing with lashings, dunnage, and separators.
  • Manual stowage planning for efficient space utilization.
5. Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) Vessels

Cargo: Vehicles, trailers, and heavy machinery.

Operations:
  • Vehicles drive on and off via ramps.
  • Lashing and securing using chains and straps.
  • Ventilation to prevent gas buildup from fuel-powered vehicles.
6. Refrigerated (Reefer) Ships

Cargo: Perishable goods like fruits, meat, fish, and dairy products.

Operations:
  • Maintaining temperature-controlled storage.
  • Monitoring humidity and ventilation.
  • Fast loading and unloading to prevent spoilage.
7. LNG & LPG Carriers

Cargo: Liquefied natural gas (LNG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).

Operations:
  • Loading through specialized cryogenic pipelines.
  • Maintaining ultra-low temperatures (-160°C for LNG).
  • Pressure monitoring and boil-off gas management.
8. Heavy Lift & Project Cargo Ships

Cargo: Oversized equipment, wind turbines, offshore structures, etc.

Operations:
  • Using shipboard cranes or floating cranes for lifting.
  • Custom securing arrangements for stability.
  • Ballasting for even weight distribution.
Each vessel type has its own challenges, but proper planning and execution ensure safe and efficient cargo handling.

Cargo works on the vessels
  1. TYPES OF CARGO SHIPS
  2. WAREHOUSES AND SHEDS
  3. LOADING
  4. HOLDS AND HATCHES
  5. HATCH COVERING
  6. RESPONSIBILITY OF CARGO OFFICIALS AND INSPECTION OF COMPARTMENTS BEFORE LOADING
  7. CARGOES
  8. TALLYING CARGO
  9. Shipping business important abbreviations