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Automatic Voltage Regulator

An Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) in a generator is a critical component that maintains a stable output voltage regardless of load variations. It regulates the excitation current of the generator's rotor to ensure a consistent voltage level at the generator terminals.

Automatic Voltage Regulator

Functions of an AVR in a Generator:

  1. Voltage Regulation: Keeps the generator output voltage stable under different load conditions.
  2. Excitation Control: Adjusts the excitation to maintain the required voltage.
  3. Overvoltage & Undervoltage Protection: Prevents damage due to voltage fluctuations.
  4. Load Compensation: Helps in maintaining voltage when sudden load changes occur.
  5. Parallel Operation Support: Ensures synchronization when multiple generators are working together.

How an AVR Works:

  • It senses the generator output voltage and compares it to a reference value.
  • If the voltage deviates, the AVR adjusts the excitation current to correct the voltage.
  • The excitation current is supplied to the field winding of the alternator, which influences the output voltage.

Common Issues with an AVR:

  1. Voltage Fluctuation: Could be due to a faulty AVR, loose connections, or worn-out brushes.
  2. Generator Not Producing Voltage: Often caused by a defective AVR, excitation failure, or loss of residual magnetism.
  3. Overvoltage or Undervoltage: AVR settings might need adjustment, or there could be a problem with the sensing circuit.
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