Lighting on ships. General Requirements

In all rooms, spaces and locations of the ship where lighting is ne cessary to ensure the safety of navigation, operating of machinery and equipment, as well as accommodating and evacuation of passengers and crew, stationary fixtures of main lighting are to be installed.

Lighting fixtures installed in rooms and spaces, where mechanical damage is possible to the glass hoods are to be provided with' protect ing gratings.

Lighting fixtures are to be installed in such a manner as to prevent heating of cables and adjacent materials up to a temperature exceeding the permissible level.

Lighting on ships must not only provide adequate illumination but also ensure safety through proper electrical installations. One key aspect of electrical safety on ships is maintaining adequate insulation resistance of ship's lighting.

Permanently-installed lighting fixtures in holds are to take their po wer supply from a special switchboard. Apart from the fuses and swit ches this switchboard is to be provided with visual signals to monitor individual lighting circuits.

In rooms or places illuminated with luminiscent lamps where visible rotating parts of machinery are located, all measures to be taken to prevent stroboscope effect.

When using d-c, a label indicating the voltage level is to be fitted on switchboards feeding the discharge lamps.

Lighting on ships is crucial for ensuring the safety and efficiency of operations, as well as the comfort and well-being of the crew. Here are the general requirements for lighting on ships:

1. Regulatory Compliance

• International Maritime Organization (IMO): Ships must comply with IMO regulations, particularly those in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).
• Classification Societies: Adherence to standards set by classification societies such as Lloyd's Register, ABS, DNV, etc.
• Flag State Regulations: Compliance with the specific requirements of the ship's flag state.

2. Illumination Levels

• Navigation Bridge: High levels of lighting for safe operation of navigational instruments, typically 100-150 lux.
• Engine Room: Adequate lighting to ensure safe and efficient operation, usually around 200-300 lux.
• Cargo Holds: Sufficient lighting to facilitate loading and unloading operations, typically 50-100 lux.
• Accommodation Areas: Comfortable and functional lighting for living quarters, mess rooms, and recreational areas, generally around 100-200 lux.
• Safety and Emergency Lighting: Emergency lighting systems must be in place and operational at all times to ensure visibility in the event of power failure.

3. Lighting Quality

• Color Temperature: Suitable color temperature for different areas, generally warm white (2700-3000K) for living quarters and cool white (4000-5000K) for workspaces.
• Color Rendering Index (CRI): High CRI lighting (preferably 80 or above) to ensure accurate color perception, important for maintenance and safety.

4. Energy Efficiency

• LED Lighting: Adoption of LED lighting for its energy efficiency, longevity, and reduced maintenance needs compared to traditional incandescent or fluorescent lights.
• Control Systems: Use of advanced lighting control systems, such as dimmers and motion sensors, to optimize energy use.

5. Durability and Safety

• Marine Grade Materials: Lighting fixtures must be made of materials resistant to corrosion, humidity, and temperature variations.
• Ingress Protection (IP) Ratings: Appropriate IP ratings to ensure protection against water and dust ingress, especially in exposed areas.
• Explosion Proof Lighting: For hazardous areas, such as those with flammable gases or dust, explosion-proof lighting is required.

6. Installation and Maintenance

• Proper Installation: Ensuring fixtures are securely mounted and wiring is protected from mechanical damage and environmental exposure.
• Regular Maintenance: Routine checks and maintenance of lighting systems to ensure they remain functional and effective.
• Spare Parts: Availability of spare parts and replacement bulbs to ensure quick repairs and minimal downtime.

7. Emergency Lighting and Signs

• Emergency Lighting: Systems must be in place to provide adequate lighting in case of power failure, guiding passengers and crew to exits and safety equipment.
• Illuminated Signs: Clear and visible illuminated signs for emergency exits, muster stations, and fire-fighting equipment.

8. Special Considerations

• Task-Specific Lighting: Specialized lighting for tasks requiring high precision or specific visual conditions, such as medical areas, laboratories, or workshops.
• Night Vision Preservation: Red lighting on the bridge to preserve night vision while still providing necessary illumination.

9. Human Factors

• Comfort and Well-being: Lighting design must consider the psychological and physiological effects on crew, avoiding glare, flicker, and ensuring adequate rest periods.
• Circadian Rhythm: Lighting that supports the natural circadian rhythms of crew members, important for long voyages and shift work.

Adhering to these general requirements ensures that ship lighting is safe, effective, and efficient, supporting both the operational needs of the vessel and the well-being of its crew.